#!/usr/bin/env python3
import csv
import lxml.etree as ET
from io import BytesIO

# Define the DTD
dtd_content = """
<!ELEMENT items (item+)>
<!ELEMENT item (Item_ID, Item_Name, Item_Description, Item_Price, Item_Quantity)>
<!ELEMENT Item_ID (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT Item_Name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT Item_Description (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT Item_Price (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT Item_Quantity (#PCDATA)>
"""

# Save DTD to a file
dtd_file = "items.dtd"
with open(dtd_file, "w") as f:
    f.write(dtd_content)

# Function to validate XML against the DTD
def validate_xml(xml_string, dtd_path):
    dtd = ET.DTD(dtd_path)
    # Convert the XML string to bytes to handle the encoding declaration
    xml_doc = ET.parse(BytesIO(xml_string.encode('utf-8')))
    if dtd.validate(xml_doc):
        print("XML is valid against the DTD.")
    else:
        print("XML validation failed:", dtd.error_log.filter_from_errors())

# Read CSV and generate XML
def csv_to_xml(csv_file, xml_file):
    root = ET.Element("items")

    with open(csv_file, newline='', encoding="utf-8") as csvfile:
        reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile)
        for row in reader:
            item = ET.SubElement(root, "item")
            ET.SubElement(item, "Item_ID").text = row["Item_ID"]
            ET.SubElement(item, "Item_Name").text = row["Item_Name"]
            ET.SubElement(item, "Item_Description").text = row["Item_Description"]
            ET.SubElement(item, "Item_Price").text = row["Item_Price"]
            ET.SubElement(item, "Item_Quantity").text = row["Item_Quantity"]

    # Convert to string and validate
    xml_string = ET.tostring(root, pretty_print=True, xml_declaration=True, encoding="UTF-8").decode("utf-8")
    validate_xml(xml_string, dtd_file)

    # Save XML to file
    with open(xml_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        f.write(xml_string)
    print(f"XML file saved to {xml_file}")

# Input and output file paths
csv_file = "items.csv"  # Input CSV file
xml_file = "items.xml"  # Output XML file

# Example CSV content for reference:
# Item_ID,Item_Name,Item_Description,Item_Price,Item_Quantity
# 1,Widget A,A useful widget,19.99,100
# 2,Gadget B,A versatile gadget,29.49,200

# Generate XML
csv_to_xml(csv_file, xml_file)