#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Developed by Greig McGill of Sense7
"""
import os
import sys
import csv
import logging
from io import BytesIO
import lxml.etree as ET

def setup_logging():
    """Initialize logging configuration."""
    logging.basicConfig(
        level=logging.DEBUG,
        format='%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s',
        filename='./csv_to_xml.log',
        filemode='a')
    logging.debug('%s started in %s', 'csv_to_xml.py', os.getcwd())

def validate_xml(xml_string, dtd_path):
    """Validate the XML against the DTD"""
    dtd = ET.DTD(dtd_path)
    # Convert the XML string to bytes to handle the encoding declaration
    xml_doc = ET.parse(BytesIO(xml_string.encode('utf-8')))
    if dtd.validate(xml_doc):
        logging.debug("XML is valid against the %s DTD.", dtd_path)
    else:
        logging.error("XML validation failed using DTD %s with error %s:",
                      dtd_path, dtd.error_log.filter_from_errors())

# Read CSV and generate XML
def csv_to_xml(csv_file, xml_file, dtd_file):
    """Read the CSV and generate the XML"""
    root = ET.Element("items")

    with open(csv_file, newline='', encoding="utf-8") as csvfile:
        reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile)
        for row in reader:
            item = ET.SubElement(root, "item")
            ET.SubElement(item, "Item_ID").text = row["Item_ID"]
            ET.SubElement(item, "Item_Name").text = row["Item_Name"]
            ET.SubElement(item, "Item_Description").text = row["Item_Description"]
            ET.SubElement(item, "Item_Price").text = row["Item_Price"]
            ET.SubElement(item, "Item_Quantity").text = row["Item_Quantity"]

    # Convert to string and validate
    xml_string = ET.tostring(root, pretty_print=True,
        xml_declaration=True, encoding="UTF-8").decode("utf-8")
    logging.info("Attmpting to validate %s against the %s DTD.",
        xml_file, dtd_file)
    validate_xml(xml_string, dtd_file)

    # Save XML to file
    with open(xml_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        f.write(xml_string)
    logging.info("XML file saved to %s", xml_file)

def main(csv_file, xml_file, dtd_file):
    """Code entrypoint."""
    setup_logging()
    logging.debug("Attempting conversion of %s to %s using the %s DTD",
        csv_file, xml_file, dtd_file)
    csv_to_xml(csv_file, xml_file, dtd_file)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3])